{
  "meta": {
    "title": "6GN｜全球6G与5G-A证据情报平台",
    "version": "4.0",
    "cutoff": "2026-08-26",
    "generatedAt": "2026-08-26T07:56:12.821299+00:00",
    "method": "官方原文优先；标准、政策、试验、部署与分析分层；候选流不得覆盖审定核心",
    "commercialReality": "截至数据截点，6G仍处于技术要求、评估方法、标准研究和试验阶段；网页不把试验、原型或联盟愿景标成商业部署。"
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "id": "itu-m2160",
      "title": "IMT-2030 Framework — Recommendation ITU-R M.2160",
      "publisher": "ITU-R",
      "date": "2023-11-13",
      "type": "official_standard",
      "region": "global",
      "topic": [
        "vision",
        "capabilities",
        "use-cases"
      ],
      "status": "in_force",
      "grade": "A",
      "url": "https://www.itu.int/rec/R-REC-M.2160-0-202311-I",
      "summary": "确立IMT-2030六类使用场景、15项能力及可持续、安全韧性、泛在智能、连接未连接者等总体原则。"
    },
    {
      "id": "itu-imt-family",
      "title": "Detailed information about the IMT family",
      "publisher": "ITU-R WP 5D",
      "date": "2026-06-30",
      "type": "official_tracker",
      "region": "global",
      "topic": [
        "timeline",
        "requirements",
        "evaluation"
      ],
      "status": "current",
      "grade": "A",
      "url": "https://www.itu.int/en/ITU-R/study-groups/rsg5/rwp5d/Pages/IMT.aspx",
      "summary": "官方进度页显示技术性能要求草案于2026年2月完成、评估指南草案于2026年6月完成并送交SG5审议，独立评估组登记已开放。"
    },
    {
      "id": "itu-m2516",
      "title": "Future technology trends of terrestrial IMT systems towards 2030 and beyond — M.2516",
      "publisher": "ITU-R",
      "date": "2022-11-01",
      "type": "official_report",
      "region": "global",
      "topic": [
        "technology",
        "forecast"
      ],
      "status": "published",
      "grade": "A",
      "url": "https://www.itu.int/pub/R-REP-M.2516",
      "summary": "IMT-2030框架形成前的官方技术趋势基线。"
    },
    {
      "id": "itu-m2541",
      "title": "Technical feasibility of IMT in bands above 100 GHz — M.2541",
      "publisher": "ITU-R",
      "date": "2024-06-01",
      "type": "official_report",
      "region": "global",
      "topic": [
        "spectrum",
        "sub-thz"
      ],
      "status": "published",
      "grade": "A",
      "url": "https://www.itu.int/pub/R-REP-M.2541",
      "summary": "讨论100GHz以上频段用于IMT的技术可行性；不等同于已完成频谱划分或运营许可。"
    },
    {
      "id": "itu-wrc27-ai17",
      "title": "WRC-27 Agenda Item 1.7 — IMT frequency studies",
      "publisher": "ITU-R",
      "date": "2026-07-06",
      "type": "official_agenda",
      "region": "global",
      "topic": [
        "spectrum",
        "wrc"
      ],
      "status": "under_study",
      "grade": "A",
      "url": "https://www.itu.int/md/R23-WP5D-C/en",
      "summary": "研究4.4–4.8GHz、7.125–8.4GHz及14.8–15.35GHz相关频段的IMT共享兼容性与技术条件；这是WRC-27研究议题，不是全球统一许可。"
    },
    {
      "id": "3gpp-releases",
      "title": "3GPP Release tracker",
      "publisher": "3GPP",
      "date": "2026-08-26",
      "type": "official_tracker",
      "region": "global",
      "topic": [
        "release",
        "5g-advanced",
        "6g"
      ],
      "status": "current",
      "grade": "A",
      "url": "https://portal.3gpp.org/?SubTB=382&tbid=373",
      "summary": "Rel-18和Rel-19已冻结；Rel-20、Rel-21开放。版本状态以3GPP门户为准。"
    },
    {
      "id": "3gpp-6g-workshop",
      "title": "3GPP workshop on 6G",
      "publisher": "3GPP",
      "date": "2025-03-11",
      "type": "official_event_record",
      "region": "global",
      "topic": [
        "6g",
        "standardization"
      ],
      "status": "completed",
      "grade": "A",
      "url": "https://www.3gpp.org/component/content/article/6gworkshop-2025?catid=67",
      "summary": "3GPP三大TSG联合讨论6G愿景、无线、系统架构、核心网和协议，提供会议文件与总结。"
    },
    {
      "id": "3gpp-tr22870",
      "title": "TR 22.870 Study on 6G use cases and service requirements",
      "publisher": "3GPP SA1",
      "date": "2026-03-16",
      "type": "technical_report",
      "region": "global",
      "topic": [
        "use-cases",
        "requirements"
      ],
      "status": "under_change_control",
      "grade": "A",
      "url": "https://portal.3gpp.org/desktopmodules/Specifications/SpecificationDetails.aspx?specificationId=4374",
      "summary": "Rel-20的6G业务场景与潜在服务需求技术报告已进入变更控制；场景清单仍不能直接当作确定商业需求。"
    },
    {
      "id": "ngmn-architecture-2025",
      "title": "Network Architecture Evolution towards 6G",
      "publisher": "NGMN Alliance",
      "date": "2025-02-18",
      "type": "industry_report",
      "region": "global",
      "topic": [
        "architecture",
        "migration",
        "operator"
      ],
      "status": "published",
      "grade": "B",
      "url": "https://www.ngmn.org/publications/network-architecture-evolution-towards-6g.html",
      "summary": "运营商强调从5G连续演进、解决现存缺口、控制复杂性与投资节奏，而非为代际标签重建全部网络。"
    },
    {
      "id": "ngmn-programme-2026",
      "title": "NGMN 6G Programme and deliverables",
      "publisher": "NGMN Alliance",
      "date": "2026-08-01",
      "type": "official_programme",
      "region": "global",
      "topic": [
        "operator",
        "ai",
        "migration"
      ],
      "status": "current",
      "grade": "B",
      "url": "https://www.ngmn.org/work-programme/strategic-focus-topics.html",
      "summary": "列出2021—2026运营商视角交付物，包括架构迁移、部署时点、AI浪潮与6G含义。"
    },
    {
      "id": "oran-user-centric",
      "title": "Scalable and User-Centric RAN Architecture",
      "publisher": "O-RAN ALLIANCE",
      "date": "2026-01-01",
      "type": "industry_report",
      "region": "global",
      "topic": [
        "open-ran",
        "cloud",
        "ai-ran"
      ],
      "status": "published",
      "grade": "B",
      "url": "https://www.o-ran.org/research-reports/scalable-and-user-centric-ran-architecture-service-requirements-and-design-considerations",
      "summary": "把云原生、加速器、分布式MIMO、能耗感知和AI编排作为面向6G的开放RAN演进问题。"
    },
    {
      "id": "nga-home-2026",
      "title": "Next G Alliance work programme",
      "publisher": "ATIS Next G Alliance",
      "date": "2026-08-01",
      "type": "official_programme",
      "region": "north_america",
      "topic": [
        "commercialization",
        "spectrum",
        "roadmap"
      ],
      "status": "current",
      "grade": "B",
      "url": "https://nextgalliance.org/",
      "summary": "北美私营部门主导，覆盖研发、制造、标准化和市场准备；2026年重点包括语义通信、数字孪生、ISAC数据与频谱。"
    },
    {
      "id": "nga-leadership",
      "title": "Next G Alliance leadership and working groups",
      "publisher": "ATIS Next G Alliance",
      "date": "2026-08-01",
      "type": "organization_record",
      "region": "north_america",
      "topic": [
        "governance",
        "people"
      ],
      "status": "current",
      "grade": "A",
      "url": "https://nextgalliance.org/leadership/",
      "summary": "公开Full Member、Steering Group、政策委员会及市场、频谱、可持续、技术路线工作组负责人。"
    },
    {
      "id": "nga-fees",
      "title": "Next G Alliance membership model",
      "publisher": "ATIS Next G Alliance",
      "date": "2026-08-01",
      "type": "organization_record",
      "region": "north_america",
      "topic": [
        "funding",
        "membership"
      ],
      "status": "current",
      "grade": "A",
      "url": "https://nextgalliance.org/faqs/",
      "summary": "官网公开多层会员资格与年度会费，构成可核验的行业会员制资金来源；政府会员不参与决策。"
    },
    {
      "id": "6gia-about",
      "title": "6G Smart Networks and Services Industry Association",
      "publisher": "6G-IA",
      "date": "2026-08-01",
      "type": "organization_record",
      "region": "europe",
      "topic": [
        "governance",
        "funding",
        "projects"
      ],
      "status": "current",
      "grade": "A",
      "url": "https://6g-ia.eu/about/",
      "summary": "6G-IA代表SNS JU私营方，欧委会代表公共方；治理委员会16席，由会员选举。"
    },
    {
      "id": "sns-ju",
      "title": "Smart Networks and Services Joint Undertaking",
      "publisher": "European Union",
      "date": "2026-08-01",
      "type": "official_programme",
      "region": "europe",
      "topic": [
        "funding",
        "research",
        "trials"
      ],
      "status": "current",
      "grade": "A",
      "url": "https://smart-networks.europa.eu/",
      "summary": "欧盟6G研究与试验的公私合作实施平台；项目拨款与交付物应按批次和项目分别核验。"
    },
    {
      "id": "6gflagship-whitepapers",
      "title": "6G Flagship White Paper Series",
      "publisher": "University of Oulu 6G Flagship",
      "date": "2025-11-24",
      "type": "research_series",
      "region": "finland",
      "topic": [
        "research",
        "resilience",
        "ai"
      ],
      "status": "current",
      "grade": "B",
      "url": "https://www.6gflagship.com/white-papers/",
      "summary": "2019年以来形成15份白皮书；2025年新增LLM与6G计算连续体、6G韧性研究。"
    },
    {
      "id": "xgmf-overview",
      "title": "XG Mobile Promotion Forum overview",
      "publisher": "XGMF",
      "date": "2026-08-18",
      "type": "organization_record",
      "region": "japan",
      "topic": [
        "governance",
        "members",
        "projects"
      ],
      "status": "current",
      "grade": "A",
      "url": "https://xgmf.jp/en/overview/",
      "summary": "2024年成立；官网披露212名会员、负责人、秘书处和业务范围，强调Network for AI、AI for Network、APN与NTN。"
    },
    {
      "id": "xgmf-projects",
      "title": "XGMF project portfolio",
      "publisher": "XGMF",
      "date": "2026-08-01",
      "type": "official_programme",
      "region": "japan",
      "topic": [
        "projects",
        "ntn",
        "radio",
        "architecture"
      ],
      "status": "current",
      "grade": "A",
      "url": "https://xgmf.jp/en/project/",
      "summary": "公开6G推进、架构、无线、NTN、StarNet Earth、通信与AI、频谱等项目和负责人。"
    },
    {
      "id": "xgmf-spectrum-2026",
      "title": "Proposal for Securing Mid-Band Frequencies for the 6G Era v2.0",
      "publisher": "XGMF",
      "date": "2026-04-30",
      "type": "industry_position",
      "region": "japan",
      "topic": [
        "spectrum",
        "mid-band"
      ],
      "status": "published",
      "grade": "B",
      "url": "https://xgmf.jp/en/",
      "summary": "日本产业界频谱建议文件；属于行业立场，不等同于MIC最终分配或许可决定。"
    },
    {
      "id": "imt2030-results",
      "title": "IMT-2030 (6G) Promotion Group reports",
      "publisher": "IMT-2030 (6G)推进组",
      "date": "2026-08-01",
      "type": "research_series",
      "region": "china",
      "topic": [
        "architecture",
        "radio-ai",
        "isac",
        "ntn"
      ],
      "status": "current",
      "grade": "B",
      "url": "https://www.imt2030.org.cn/html/default/zhongwen/chengguofabu/yanjiubaogao/list-2.html?index=2",
      "summary": "集中发布应用需求、网络架构、无线AI、通感、天地一体化、安全等研究成果；需逐文档保存版本和发布日期。"
    },
    {
      "id": "miit-6g-pilot-2026",
      "title": "6G创新发展部省协同试点专项行动",
      "publisher": "中国工业和信息化部",
      "date": "2026-06-03",
      "type": "government_policy",
      "region": "china",
      "topic": [
        "policy",
        "trial",
        "local"
      ],
      "status": "effective",
      "grade": "A",
      "url": "https://cqca.miit.gov.cn/zwgk/zcwj/wjfb/art/2026/art_fac3aec15c5a46f380fbb102b36b7b34.html",
      "summary": "三年期部省协同试点，涵盖试验验证、重大专项衔接、成果应用和生态培育；不是6G商业许可。"
    },
    {
      "id": "china-6ghz-trial-2026",
      "title": "6GHz频段6G技术试验许可信息",
      "publisher": "中国政府网/工业和信息化部信息",
      "date": "2026-05-01",
      "type": "experimental_authorization",
      "region": "china",
      "topic": [
        "spectrum",
        "trial"
      ],
      "status": "authorized_trial",
      "grade": "A",
      "url": "https://english.www.gov.cn/news/202606/05/content_WS6a22522ac6d00ca5f9a0b687.html",
      "summary": "授权推进组在选定地区开展6GHz频段技术试验；对象、区域和期限应以许可原件为准。"
    },
    {
      "id": "bharat6g-spectrum-2026",
      "title": "Bharat 6G Alliance and Spectrum Roadmap for 6G in India",
      "publisher": "India Press Information Bureau / Ministry of Communications",
      "date": "2026-07-22",
      "type": "government_statement",
      "region": "india",
      "topic": [
        "spectrum",
        "testbed",
        "membership"
      ],
      "status": "current",
      "grade": "A",
      "url": "https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2287851&lang=1&reg=3",
      "summary": "官方披露联盟90名成员、七个工作组和6G频谱路线图，并披露太赫兹试验床的公共资金支持。"
    },
    {
      "id": "uk-wireless-strategy",
      "title": "UK Wireless Infrastructure Strategy",
      "publisher": "UK Government",
      "date": "2023-04-11",
      "type": "government_strategy",
      "region": "uk",
      "topic": [
        "policy",
        "security",
        "spectrum"
      ],
      "status": "current",
      "grade": "A",
      "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/uk-wireless-infrastructure-strategy/uk-wireless-infrastructure-strategy",
      "summary": "提出6G应兼顾净零、增长、安全韧性和频谱效率，并通过ITU、3GPP、ETSI、CEPT推进。"
    },
    {
      "id": "one6g-working-groups",
      "title": "one6G working groups and work items",
      "publisher": "one6G Association",
      "date": "2026-08-01",
      "type": "organization_record",
      "region": "europe_global",
      "topic": [
        "governance",
        "testbed",
        "technology",
        "use-cases"
      ],
      "status": "current",
      "grade": "A",
      "url": "https://one6g.org/working-groups/",
      "summary": "四个工作组覆盖用例与商业、关键技术与架构、传播协作、评估试验床；公开具体负责人和工作项。"
    },
    {
      "id": "hexaxii-cordis",
      "title": "Hexa-X-II project fact sheet",
      "publisher": "European Commission CORDIS",
      "date": "2025-06-30",
      "type": "official_project_record",
      "region": "europe",
      "topic": [
        "funding",
        "system_blueprint",
        "validation"
      ],
      "status": "completed",
      "grade": "A",
      "url": "https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/101095759",
      "summary": "欧盟项目记录披露项目期、总成本、欧盟出资、协调方和目标；项目已于2025年6月结束，其交付物仍是欧洲6G系统化的重要历史基线。"
    },
    {
      "id": "6gfinland-ecosystem",
      "title": "6G Finland ecosystem",
      "publisher": "6G Finland",
      "date": "2026-08-01",
      "type": "organization_record",
      "region": "finland",
      "topic": [
        "ecosystem",
        "strategy",
        "research"
      ],
      "status": "current",
      "grade": "B",
      "url": "https://6gfinland.fi/",
      "summary": "芬兰6G研发组织联盟，公开主席、秘书处、成员与2025—2028行动资料；与6G Flagship研究计划区分编码。"
    },
    {
      "id": "airan-working-groups",
      "title": "AI-RAN Alliance working groups and task groups",
      "publisher": "AI-RAN Alliance",
      "date": "2026-02-26",
      "type": "organization_record",
      "region": "global",
      "topic": [
        "ai-ran",
        "data",
        "testing",
        "commercialization"
      ],
      "status": "current",
      "grade": "B",
      "url": "https://ai-ran.org/working-groups/",
      "summary": "三条主线为AI-for-RAN、AI-and-RAN、AI-on-RAN，并设数据、测试、智能体和商业化任务组；联盟演示需与独立测试和商用部署区分。"
    },
    {
      "id": "legacy-fcc-12ghz",
      "title": "FCC 12.2–12.7 GHz proceeding record",
      "publisher": "US FCC",
      "date": "2023-05-18",
      "type": "regulatory_record",
      "region": "united_states",
      "topic": [
        "spectrum",
        "sharing",
        "satellite"
      ],
      "status": "historical_current_docket",
      "grade": "A",
      "url": "https://docs.fcc.gov/public/attachments/FCC-23-36A1.pdf",
      "localPath": "documents/fcc-23-36a1.pdf",
      "cacheStatus": "cached_official_pdf",
      "translationStatus": "zh_guide_only",
      "summary": "体现地面移动与卫星业务在中高频共享中的制度权衡；不能直接标作6G频谱授予。"
    },
    {
      "id": "nga-roadmap-2025",
      "title": "Technology Roadmap Working Group: Focus Areas and Priorities",
      "publisher": "ATIS Next G Alliance",
      "date": "2025-11-07",
      "type": "official_programme",
      "region": "North America",
      "topic": [
        "roadmap",
        "ISAC",
        "verticals"
      ],
      "grade": "A",
      "status": "current",
      "language": "en",
      "url": "https://nextgalliance.org/technology-roadmap-working-group-focus-areas-and-priorities/",
      "summaryZh": "2025年重组后的路线图工作组把通感一体、垂直行业和跨区域联盟协作列为重点，并把路线图从愿景延伸到市场准备度。"
    },
    {
      "id": "nga-isac-2025",
      "title": "Integrated Sensing and Communications Readiness Report, Phase I",
      "publisher": "ATIS Next G Alliance",
      "date": "2025-09-03",
      "type": "official_report",
      "region": "North America",
      "topic": [
        "ISAC",
        "spectrum",
        "proof-of-concept"
      ],
      "grade": "A",
      "status": "current",
      "language": "en",
      "url": "https://nextgalliance.org/white_papers/integrated-sensing-and-communications-readiness-report-phase-i/",
      "summaryZh": "从用例、频谱、感知参数、链路预算和原型等方面评估ISAC成熟度；属于北美产业联盟判断，不等同监管决定。"
    },
    {
      "id": "nga-ntn-2026",
      "title": "Technology Roadmap Working Group: NTN Panel",
      "publisher": "ATIS Next G Alliance",
      "date": "2026-03-17",
      "type": "official_event_analysis",
      "region": "North America",
      "topic": [
        "NTN",
        "satellite",
        "business-model"
      ],
      "grade": "B",
      "status": "current",
      "language": "en",
      "url": "https://nextgalliance.org/technology-roadmap-working-group-ntn-panel/",
      "summaryZh": "产业专家讨论显示6G NTN将继承Rel-17/18基础，并把星座轨道、终端直连、标准、频谱与商业模式放在同一演进链上。"
    },
    {
      "id": "eu-sns-2026-portfolio",
      "title": "Europe to advance 6G innovation as 20 projects set to receive €116 million",
      "publisher": "European Commission",
      "date": "2026-03-02",
      "type": "official_funding",
      "region": "European Union",
      "topic": [
        "funding",
        "projects",
        "AI",
        "standards"
      ],
      "grade": "A",
      "status": "current",
      "language": "en",
      "url": "https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/news/europe-advance-6g-innovation-20-projects-set-receive-eu116-million",
      "summaryZh": "欧盟公布20个项目获1.16亿欧元；SNS项目组合达到100项、累计欧盟资金约6.3亿欧元，并披露标准贡献和专利等可观测产出。"
    },
    {
      "id": "eu-sns-2026-workprogramme",
      "title": "SNS JU 2026–2027 work programme",
      "publisher": "European Commission / SNS JU",
      "date": "2025-12-22",
      "type": "official_programme",
      "region": "European Union",
      "topic": [
        "funding",
        "work-programme",
        "AI",
        "testbed"
      ],
      "grade": "A",
      "status": "current",
      "language": "en",
      "url": "https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/miscellaneous/european-union-smart-networks-and-services-joint-undertaking-opens-stakeholders-group-call-and",
      "summaryZh": "2026—2027工作计划公开超过2.4亿欧元安排，包含6G基础、AI融合、器件、试验床及对印合作；资金是承诺/计划而非已形成市场收入。"
    },
    {
      "id": "eu-sns-esa-2025",
      "title": "SNS JU and ESA deepen cooperation on next-generation connectivity",
      "publisher": "European Commission",
      "date": "2025-10-16",
      "type": "official_agreement",
      "region": "European Union",
      "topic": [
        "NTN",
        "ESA",
        "testbed",
        "resilience"
      ],
      "grade": "A",
      "status": "current",
      "language": "en",
      "url": "https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/news/smart-networks-and-service-joint-undertaking-and-european-space-agency-agree-deepen-cooperation",
      "summaryZh": "SNS JU与ESA签署合作意向，项目可接入地面与在轨实验设施，显示欧洲正将卫星资源接入6G试验体系。"
    },
    {
      "id": "6gia-plans-2026",
      "title": "6G-IA Plans & Papers",
      "publisher": "6G-IA",
      "date": "2026-08-26",
      "type": "official_repository",
      "region": "European Union",
      "topic": [
        "trials",
        "security",
        "microelectronics",
        "standards"
      ],
      "grade": "A",
      "status": "current",
      "language": "en",
      "url": "https://6g-ia.eu/plans-papers/",
      "summaryZh": "汇集大型试验、安全与信任、微电子、频谱和ITU-R贡献；部分内容是协会立场或研究建议，需与正式标准区分。"
    },
    {
      "id": "flagship-resilience-2025",
      "title": "6G Resilience White Paper",
      "publisher": "University of Oulu 6G Flagship",
      "date": "2025-11-24",
      "type": "research_report",
      "region": "Finland",
      "topic": [
        "resilience",
        "security",
        "adaptation"
      ],
      "grade": "B",
      "status": "current",
      "language": "en",
      "url": "https://www.6gflagship.com/6g-resilience-white-paper/",
      "summaryZh": "把韧性从单点可靠性扩展为抵御、恢复和适应能力，适合形成可验证的网络韧性指标，但仍是研究白皮书。"
    },
    {
      "id": "flagship-llm-2025",
      "title": "Large Language Models in the 6G-Enabled Computing Continuum",
      "publisher": "University of Oulu 6G Flagship",
      "date": "2025-01-21",
      "type": "research_report",
      "region": "Finland",
      "topic": [
        "LLM",
        "AI-native",
        "edge-cloud"
      ],
      "grade": "B",
      "status": "current",
      "language": "en",
      "url": "https://www.6gflagship.com/llm-white-paper/",
      "summaryZh": "讨论大模型进入端边云连续体后的网络结构、资源和治理问题，为AI原生网络提供研究议程而非商用证明。"
    },
    {
      "id": "cn-miit-province-pilot-2026",
      "title": "工业和信息化部办公厅关于组织开展6G创新发展部省协同试点专项行动的通知",
      "publisher": "中国工业和信息化部",
      "date": "2026-06-04",
      "type": "official_policy",
      "region": "China",
      "topic": [
        "province-pilot",
        "R&D",
        "industry",
        "applications"
      ],
      "grade": "A",
      "status": "application_stage",
      "language": "zh-CN",
      "url": "https://www.miit.gov.cn/jgsj/txs/wjfb/art/2026/art_46a074da52f54393b04f67cfb839eaaa.html",
      "summaryZh": "要求申报地区选择1—3个特色方向，覆盖技术、产业、场景、项目与要素保障；目标到2029年形成技术方案、场景和终端成果。"
    },
    {
      "id": "cn-miit-5g-status-2026",
      "title": "工信部介绍2025年移动通信与6G试验进展",
      "publisher": "中国工业和信息化部/中国政府网",
      "date": "2026-01-21",
      "type": "official_statistics",
      "region": "China",
      "topic": [
        "5G",
        "5G-A",
        "6G-trial",
        "SEP"
      ],
      "grade": "B",
      "status": "current",
      "language": "zh-CN",
      "url": "https://kw.beijing.gov.cn/xwdt/mtbd/202601/t20260121_4452877.html",
      "summaryZh": "官方发布口径：5G基站483.8万座、5G-A覆盖超过330城、6G第一阶段试验完成并进入第二阶段；统计口径与覆盖质量仍需分别核验。"
    },
    {
      "id": "cn-beijing-6g-2025",
      "title": "北京经济技术开发区关于加快推动6G技术和产业创新发展的若干措施",
      "publisher": "北京市人民政府/北京经开区",
      "date": "2025-07-09",
      "type": "subnational_policy",
      "region": "China-Beijing",
      "topic": [
        "funding",
        "standards",
        "prototypes",
        "cluster"
      ],
      "grade": "A",
      "status": "in_force",
      "language": "zh-CN",
      "url": "https://www.beijing.gov.cn/zhengce/zcjd/202510/t20251029_4243388.html",
      "summaryZh": "提出技术与标准奖励、中试、首订单、场景和产业集聚目标；目标值是政策目标，不等于已实现绩效。"
    },
    {
      "id": "cn-shanghai-6g-2025",
      "title": "2025年度6G科技创新与未来产业培育战略前沿专项申报指南",
      "publisher": "上海市科学技术委员会",
      "date": "2025-09-24",
      "type": "subnational_programme",
      "region": "China-Shanghai",
      "topic": [
        "ISAC",
        "prototype",
        "3GPP",
        "R&D"
      ],
      "grade": "A",
      "status": "call",
      "language": "zh-CN",
      "url": "https://stcsm.sh.gov.cn/zwgk/kyjhxm/xmsb/20250924/d92a9e87c38c4b1b9564c2c254fb18af.html",
      "summaryZh": "公开专项方向、技术目标、原型与3GPP提案要求，能够观察地方资源如何对接标准与验证。"
    },
    {
      "id": "us-ntia-path-2025",
      "title": "Plotting the Path to 6G and Supporting the Next Generation of Wireless",
      "publisher": "U.S. NTIA",
      "date": "2025-01-14",
      "type": "official_policy_analysis",
      "region": "United States",
      "topic": [
        "policy",
        "spectrum",
        "security",
        "standards"
      ],
      "grade": "B",
      "status": "current",
      "language": "en",
      "url": "https://www.ntia.gov/blog/2025/plotting-path-6g-and-supporting-next-generation-wireless",
      "summaryZh": "总结43份征询意见，并将开放、安全、韧性、频谱协调、国际标准和公私协同列为美国政策路径。"
    },
    {
      "id": "us-mission-la-2028",
      "title": "Mission LA 2028",
      "publisher": "U.S. NTIA",
      "date": "2026-06-18",
      "type": "official_programme",
      "region": "United States",
      "topic": [
        "demonstration",
        "spectrum",
        "AI-native",
        "export"
      ],
      "grade": "A",
      "status": "application_stage",
      "language": "en",
      "url": "https://www.ntia.gov/programs-and-initiatives/mission-la-2028",
      "summaryZh": "把洛杉矶奥运场景作为早期、预标准6G示范筛选入口，优先关注可出口AI技术、安全开放架构和若干候选中频；不是6G商用许可。"
    },
    {
      "id": "us-nsf-vines-2025",
      "title": "NSF VINES NextG funding opportunity",
      "publisher": "U.S. National Science Foundation",
      "date": "2025-06-03",
      "type": "official_funding",
      "region": "United States",
      "topic": [
        "funding",
        "AI-network",
        "verticals",
        "workforce"
      ],
      "grade": "A",
      "status": "call",
      "language": "en",
      "url": "https://www.nsf.gov/news/nsf-announces-new-nextg-wireless-funding-opportunity",
      "summaryZh": "VINES计划最高投入1亿美元，聚焦用户—边缘—核心—云连续体、垂直行业和人才；属研究资助，不代表产业化绩效。"
    },
    {
      "id": "uk-gcot-2026",
      "title": "GCOT Security and Resilience Principles for 6G",
      "publisher": "UK DSIT / Global Coalition on Telecommunications",
      "date": "2026-03-03",
      "type": "official_principles",
      "region": "International",
      "topic": [
        "security",
        "resilience",
        "supply-chain"
      ],
      "grade": "A",
      "status": "current",
      "language": "en",
      "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/global-coalition-on-telecoms-security-and-resilience-principles-for-6g/gcot-security-and-resilience-principles-for-6g",
      "summaryZh": "七国政府发布6G安全韧性原则，面向产业提出设计与供应链期待；原则本身不是直接执法法源。"
    },
    {
      "id": "uk-wireless-6g",
      "title": "UK Wireless Infrastructure Strategy — Shaping 6G",
      "publisher": "UK Government",
      "date": "2023-04-11",
      "type": "official_strategy",
      "region": "United Kingdom",
      "topic": [
        "strategy",
        "funding",
        "evolution",
        "sustainability"
      ],
      "grade": "A",
      "status": "current",
      "language": "en",
      "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/uk-wireless-infrastructure-strategy/uk-wireless-infrastructure-strategy",
      "summaryZh": "提出最高1亿英镑未来通信研发任务，强调从5G连续演进、减少死端投资、标准影响、安全韧性和能耗绝对量。"
    },
    {
      "id": "india-bharat6g-progress-2025",
      "title": "Bharat 6G Mission progress",
      "publisher": "India Department of Telecommunications / PIB",
      "date": "2025-12-19",
      "type": "official_progress",
      "region": "India",
      "topic": [
        "funding",
        "testbeds",
        "alliance",
        "standards"
      ],
      "grade": "A",
      "status": "current",
      "language": "en",
      "url": "https://www.dot.gov.in/static/uploads/2026/02/ad331286066f76c0742f08849e9d64e9.pdf",
      "localPath": "documents/india-bharat6g-progress-2025.pdf",
      "cacheStatus": "cached_official_pdf",
      "translationStatus": "zh_guide_only",
      "summaryZh": "公开100余项研究、太赫兹与先进光通信两个试验床、联盟84名以上成员及七个工作组；属于官方进展口径。"
    },
    {
      "id": "kr-6g-plan",
      "title": "6G R&D implementation plan",
      "publisher": "Republic of Korea MSIT",
      "date": "2021-06-23",
      "type": "official_strategy",
      "region": "South Korea",
      "topic": [
        "funding",
        "standards",
        "patents",
        "R&D"
      ],
      "grade": "A",
      "status": "historical_baseline",
      "language": "en",
      "url": "https://www.msit.go.kr/eng/bbs/view.do?bbsSeqNo=42&mId=4&mPid=2&nttSeqNo=517",
      "summaryZh": "韩国早期实施计划公开至2025年的研发投资、标准与专利支持；当前状态需以后续官方文件更新，不能当作2026现状。"
    },
    {
      "id": "sg-imda-fcp-2026",
      "title": "Future Communications Research and Development Programme",
      "publisher": "Singapore IMDA / NRF",
      "date": "2026-03-06",
      "type": "official_programme",
      "region": "Singapore",
      "topic": [
        "5G",
        "6G",
        "funding",
        "testbed",
        "talent"
      ],
      "grade": "A",
      "status": "current",
      "language": "en",
      "url": "https://www.imda.gov.sg/how-we-can-help/future-communications-research-and-development-programme",
      "summaryZh": "新加坡以近7000万新元国家计划建设未来通信连接实验室和转化实验室，支持研究资助、人才与国际合作；资金规模不等同产业产出。"
    },
    {
      "id": "fr-dge-6g-standardisation-2026",
      "title": "France 2030 — appel à projets de standardisation 6G",
      "publisher": "France Direction générale des Entreprises",
      "date": "2026-07-08",
      "type": "official_programme",
      "region": "France",
      "topic": [
        "6G",
        "standardisation",
        "R&D",
        "SME"
      ],
      "grade": "A",
      "status": "call",
      "language": "fr",
      "url": "https://www.entreprises.gouv.fr/espace-presse/france-2030-le-gouvernement-lance-un-appel-projets-pour-federer-lecosysteme-francais",
      "summaryZh": "法国2026年启动6G研发—标准化联合项目征集；官方同时披露未来网络研究计划联合25家机构、既有项目支持30个项目和约50家企业。"
    }
  ],
  "alliances": [
    {
      "id": "itu-wp5d",
      "name": "ITU-R WP 5D",
      "region": "全球",
      "nature": "政府间标准组织工作组",
      "governance": "ITU-R SG5下属工作组",
      "funding": "ITU成员体系；本平台未获得WP5D专项预算公开值",
      "focus": [
        "IMT-2030框架",
        "技术性能要求",
        "评估指南",
        "候选RIT/SRIT"
      ],
      "model": "政府成员主导的法定国际无线电标准进程",
      "source": "itu-imt-family"
    },
    {
      "id": "3gpp",
      "name": "3GPP",
      "region": "全球",
      "nature": "标准伙伴项目",
      "governance": "七个组织伙伴、TSG RAN/SA/CT及工作组",
      "funding": "由组织伙伴及成员参与机制支撑；不填推测预算",
      "focus": [
        "Rel-18/19 5G-Advanced",
        "Rel-20/21",
        "6G业务、架构与无线研究"
      ],
      "model": "全球产业共识、规范与工作项目驱动",
      "source": "3gpp-releases"
    },
    {
      "id": "imt2030-cn",
      "name": "IMT-2030（6G）推进组",
      "region": "中国",
      "nature": "政产学研协同平台",
      "governance": "工信部指导、信通院组织，多专题组协作",
      "funding": "政府科研任务、成员研发及试验资源；具体项目逐项核验",
      "focus": [
        "愿景需求",
        "无线与网络技术",
        "无线AI",
        "通感一体",
        "天地一体",
        "安全",
        "测试验证"
      ],
      "model": "国家任务牵引、试验验证与国际标准输入",
      "source": "imt2030-results"
    },
    {
      "id": "nextg",
      "name": "Next G Alliance",
      "region": "北美",
      "nature": "ATIS旗下产业联盟",
      "governance": "Full Member Group定战略，Steering Group执行，四工作组与政策委员会",
      "funding": "分层会员年费，官网公开会费",
      "focus": [
        "商业化",
        "制造",
        "频谱",
        "技术路线",
        "可持续",
        "ISAC数据"
      ],
      "model": "私营部门领导力与市场准备导向",
      "source": "nga-leadership"
    },
    {
      "id": "6gia",
      "name": "6G-IA / SNS JU",
      "region": "欧盟",
      "nature": "产业协会与欧盟联合事业体私营方",
      "governance": "16席治理委员会；欧委会为SNS JU公共方",
      "funding": "欧盟与产业公私联合，项目资助逐批次公开",
      "focus": [
        "研发项目",
        "试验平台",
        "标准",
        "频谱",
        "垂直行业",
        "国际合作"
      ],
      "model": "公共研发资金与跨国项目组合驱动",
      "source": "6gia-about"
    },
    {
      "id": "xgmf",
      "name": "XGMF",
      "region": "日本",
      "nature": "产学官移动通信推进论坛",
      "governance": "主席、副主席、秘书处及项目负责人制",
      "funding": "会员与项目资源；未发现统一公开预算值",
      "focus": [
        "6G推进",
        "网络架构",
        "无线",
        "NTN",
        "APN",
        "AI融合",
        "频谱"
      ],
      "model": "项目制、社会实施与国际协作并重",
      "source": "xgmf-overview"
    },
    {
      "id": "6gflagship",
      "name": "6G Flagship",
      "region": "芬兰",
      "nature": "大学主导国家研究计划",
      "governance": "奥卢大学研究计划",
      "funding": "奥卢大学与芬兰研究理事会等公开支持",
      "focus": [
        "无线",
        "边缘智能",
        "安全隐私",
        "商业",
        "韧性",
        "偏远连接"
      ],
      "model": "长期基础研究、试验设施与国际白皮书网络",
      "source": "6gflagship-whitepapers"
    },
    {
      "id": "oran",
      "name": "O-RAN ALLIANCE",
      "region": "全球",
      "nature": "开放无线接入网产业联盟",
      "governance": "运营商与供应商工作组体系",
      "funding": "会员制及成员投入；不填推测预算",
      "focus": [
        "开放接口",
        "云原生RAN",
        "RIC",
        "AI编排",
        "测试认证",
        "6G演进"
      ],
      "model": "接口规范、开源、测试与多供应商生态",
      "source": "oran-user-centric"
    },
    {
      "id": "ngmn",
      "name": "NGMN Alliance",
      "region": "全球",
      "nature": "运营商主导产业联盟",
      "governance": "运营商成员与项目共同负责人",
      "funding": "会员制；未在所引页面获得统一预算值",
      "focus": [
        "运营商需求",
        "架构演进",
        "迁移",
        "成本复杂性",
        "商业价值"
      ],
      "model": "从运营商投资回报和可运营性约束标准愿景",
      "source": "ngmn-programme-2026"
    },
    {
      "id": "bharat6g",
      "name": "Bharat 6G Alliance",
      "region": "印度",
      "nature": "产业与学术界主导社会组织",
      "governance": "七个工作组，政府计划衔接",
      "funding": "成员资源及Digital Bharat Nidhi支持的具体试验床",
      "focus": [
        "频谱",
        "技术",
        "应用与收入",
        "器件",
        "绿色",
        "国际合作"
      ],
      "model": "本土IP、试验床、产业能力与国际合作并行",
      "source": "bharat6g-spectrum-2026"
    },
    {
      "id": "one6g",
      "name": "one6G Association",
      "region": "欧盟",
      "nature": "跨地区产学研协会",
      "governance": "会员大会、16席理事会、运营团队和四个工作组",
      "funding": "会员制；未以推测值填充统一预算",
      "focus": [
        "用例与商业",
        "架构与关键技术",
        "评估试验床",
        "开放测量数据",
        "国际联络"
      ],
      "model": "从研究工作项、共享数据和试验平台形成前标准化输入",
      "source": "one6g-working-groups"
    },
    {
      "id": "hexaxii",
      "name": "Hexa-X-II",
      "region": "欧盟",
      "nature": "欧盟SNS旗舰研发项目",
      "governance": "Nokia协调、六个工作包、跨国产学研联合体",
      "funding": "CORDIS披露总成本25,634,562.64欧元及欧盟出资记录",
      "focus": [
        "6G用例与需求",
        "系统蓝图",
        "平台",
        "技术成熟度",
        "协调与标准输入"
      ],
      "model": "有期限公共资助项目把技术推力与社会需求汇入系统级验证",
      "source": "hexaxii-cordis"
    },
    {
      "id": "6gfinland",
      "name": "6G Finland",
      "region": "芬兰",
      "nature": "国家研发与产业生态网络",
      "governance": "产业、大学、VTT与Business Finland共同负责人及秘书处",
      "funding": "成员项目与国家/欧盟计划组合；不与6G Flagship预算混算",
      "focus": [
        "国家战略",
        "国际合作",
        "微电子",
        "韧性",
        "6G Bridge"
      ],
      "model": "以长期研究能力、公共创新资金和出口生态形成小国专业化优势",
      "source": "6gfinland-ecosystem"
    },
    {
      "id": "airan",
      "name": "AI-RAN Alliance",
      "region": "全球",
      "nature": "AI与无线产业联盟",
      "governance": "技术指导委员会、三工作组及数据/测试/智能体/商业化任务组",
      "funding": "会员与成员演示投入；未发现统一公开预算值",
      "focus": [
        "AI-for-RAN",
        "AI-and-RAN",
        "AI-on-RAN",
        "训练数据",
        "测试验证",
        "商业模式"
      ],
      "model": "把算力平台、运营商RAN和AI生态共同推向参考架构与验证",
      "source": "airan-working-groups"
    }
  ],
  "standards": [
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "track": "3GPP",
      "release": "Rel-15",
      "state": "frozen",
      "meaning": "首个完整5G规范阶段；作为后续演进基线。",
      "source": "3gpp-releases"
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "track": "3GPP",
      "release": "Rel-16",
      "state": "frozen",
      "meaning": "扩展URLLC、工业与车联网等能力。",
      "source": "3gpp-releases"
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "track": "3GPP",
      "release": "Rel-17",
      "state": "frozen",
      "meaning": "RedCap、NTN等进入规范演进关键阶段。",
      "source": "3gpp-releases"
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "track": "ITU-R",
      "release": "M.2160",
      "state": "in_force",
      "meaning": "IMT-2030框架获批，确定场景、能力和设计原则。",
      "source": "itu-m2160"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "track": "3GPP",
      "release": "Rel-18",
      "state": "frozen",
      "meaning": "5G-Advanced首个版本；AI/ML、节能、定位、NTN等继续增强。",
      "source": "3gpp-releases"
    },
    {
      "year": 2025,
      "track": "3GPP",
      "release": "Rel-19",
      "state": "frozen",
      "meaning": "5G-Advanced第二阶段并连接6G前期研究。",
      "source": "3gpp-releases"
    },
    {
      "year": 2025,
      "track": "3GPP",
      "release": "6G workshop",
      "state": "completed",
      "meaning": "三大TSG启动跨域6G愿景和优先级协调。",
      "source": "3gpp-6g-workshop"
    },
    {
      "year": 2026,
      "track": "ITU-R",
      "release": "TPR / evaluation drafts",
      "state": "sent_to_sg5",
      "meaning": "技术性能要求与评估指南草案完成，尚待SG5审议。",
      "source": "itu-imt-family"
    },
    {
      "year": 2026,
      "track": "3GPP",
      "release": "Rel-20",
      "state": "open",
      "meaning": "5G-Advanced继续演进并承接6G研究工作，具体工作项以门户为准。",
      "source": "3gpp-releases"
    },
    {
      "year": 2026,
      "track": "3GPP",
      "release": "Rel-21",
      "state": "open",
      "meaning": "开放状态；不能把尚未冻结的范围写成既成标准。",
      "source": "3gpp-releases"
    },
    {
      "year": 2027,
      "track": "ITU-R",
      "release": "candidate RIT/SRIT submissions",
      "state": "planned",
      "meaning": "预计开始接收候选无线接口提案。",
      "source": "itu-m2160"
    },
    {
      "year": 2030,
      "track": "ITU-R",
      "release": "IMT-2030 approval target",
      "state": "planned",
      "meaning": "目标形成最终6G无线接口标准集合；不是商业覆盖承诺。",
      "source": "itu-m2160"
    }
  ],
  "spectrum": [
    {
      "band": "4.4–4.8 GHz",
      "stage": "WRC-27研究",
      "jurisdiction": "按议程规定的区域/国家范围",
      "decision": "研究可能的IMT识别",
      "warning": "不是全球已分配6G频段",
      "source": "itu-wrc27-ai17"
    },
    {
      "band": "7.125–8.4 GHz",
      "stage": "WRC-27研究",
      "jurisdiction": "按议程规定的区域/国家范围",
      "decision": "共享与兼容性研究",
      "warning": "需同时处理既有固定、卫星、科学及其他业务",
      "source": "itu-wrc27-ai17"
    },
    {
      "band": "14.8–15.35 GHz",
      "stage": "WRC-27研究",
      "jurisdiction": "按议程规定范围",
      "decision": "研究可能的IMT识别",
      "warning": "高频容量与覆盖、终端成本之间存在权衡",
      "source": "itu-wrc27-ai17"
    },
    {
      "band": "6 GHz试验频率",
      "stage": "实验许可",
      "jurisdiction": "中国选定地区",
      "decision": "面向IMT-2030推进组技术试验",
      "warning": "不是全国商用牌照",
      "source": "china-6ghz-trial-2026"
    },
    {
      "band": ">100 GHz",
      "stage": "技术可行性报告",
      "jurisdiction": "全球研究",
      "decision": "ITU-R M.2541技术研究",
      "warning": "技术可行性不等同于WRC划分、国家许可或产业成熟",
      "source": "itu-m2541"
    }
  ],
  "cases": [
    {
      "id": "cn-ministry-province",
      "name": "中国6G部省协同试点",
      "kind": "政策型试验",
      "place": "中国试点地区",
      "state": "实施准备/试点",
      "proof": "工信部专项行动文件",
      "notProof": "不是商业网络部署或全国运营许可",
      "source": "miit-6g-pilot-2026"
    },
    {
      "id": "cn-6ghz-trial",
      "name": "中国6GHz频段6G技术试验",
      "kind": "频谱实验授权",
      "place": "选定地区",
      "state": "已授权试验",
      "proof": "政府公开信息",
      "notProof": "不能外推为全球候选频段已确定",
      "source": "china-6ghz-trial-2026"
    },
    {
      "id": "india-thz-testbed",
      "name": "印度6G太赫兹试验床",
      "kind": "公共资助试验床",
      "place": "SAMEER Kolkata及高校联合体",
      "state": "三年项目获批",
      "proof": "印度通信部书面答复",
      "notProof": "不是商用太赫兹网络",
      "source": "bharat6g-spectrum-2026"
    },
    {
      "id": "3gpp-rel18",
      "name": "5G-Advanced Rel-18冻结",
      "kind": "标准里程碑",
      "place": "全球标准生态",
      "state": "已冻结",
      "proof": "3GPP官方版本状态",
      "notProof": "规范冻结不代表各运营商已部署全部功能",
      "source": "3gpp-releases"
    }
  ],
  "questions": [
    {
      "id": "q1",
      "domain": "技术",
      "title": "AI原生空口与可验证控制：模型何时能进入无线实时闭环，而不把不可解释误差变成系统性故障？",
      "why": "Rel-20/21、ITU能力框架与AI-RAN研究正在汇合；关键不是调用大模型，而是时延、稳定性、训练数据权属和安全边界。",
      "sources": [
        "itu-m2160",
        "oran-user-centric",
        "xgmf-overview"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "q2",
      "domain": "技术",
      "title": "通感一体化的商业主导权属于运营商、设备商、云平台还是垂直行业数据拥有者？",
      "why": "ISAC创造的是环境数据与推断能力，价值分配取决于数据权、责任、接口和行业采购，而不仅是测距精度。",
      "sources": [
        "itu-m2160",
        "nga-home-2026"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "q3",
      "domain": "技术",
      "title": "语义通信能否从任务指标实验跨越到互操作、可计费且可审计的公共网络能力？",
      "why": "2026年北美联盟已把语义通信列为路线讨论，但其跨模型一致性、错误成本和标准测试仍未解决。",
      "sources": [
        "nga-home-2026",
        "3gpp-tr22870"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "q4",
      "domain": "产业",
      "title": "6G价值是否足以支付新频段、全光承载、边缘算力和终端射频链的同步升级？",
      "why": "运营商联盟主张连续演进，说明真正约束是资本回报与复杂性，而非峰值速率。",
      "sources": [
        "ngmn-architecture-2025",
        "xgmf-overview"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "q5",
      "domain": "产业",
      "title": "开放RAN在6G会形成可替代供应链，还是转化为少数云、芯片和加速器平台的新集中？",
      "why": "开放接口降低部分锁定，但云原生、AI编排与硬件加速可能把控制点上移。",
      "sources": [
        "oran-user-centric",
        "nga-leadership"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "q6",
      "domain": "产业",
      "title": "5G-A哪些能力真正产生可重复收入，哪些只是6G叙事的技术过渡？",
      "why": "Rel-18/19已经冻结，但规范存在、网络激活、终端支持、客户付费是四个不同阶段。",
      "sources": [
        "3gpp-releases",
        "ngmn-programme-2026"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "q7",
      "domain": "基础设施",
      "title": "星地融合应按连续覆盖、峰值容量、灾害韧性还是主权控制优化？四个目标如何形成可审计的混合部署边界？",
      "why": "原创H3研究证明人口密度只能解释第一层经济边界，仍需叠加能源、回传、频谱、ARPU和安全。",
      "sources": [
        "itu-m2160",
        "legacy-fcc-12ghz"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "q8",
      "domain": "基础设施",
      "title": "AI算力进入网络后，电力、冷却、时间同步和模型更新是否成为比基站密度更关键的瓶颈？",
      "why": "Network for AI与AI for Network把通信基础设施改造成计算—数据—能源耦合系统。",
      "sources": [
        "xgmf-overview",
        "6gflagship-whitepapers"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "q9",
      "domain": "频谱",
      "title": "7–8GHz中频候选频段能否在覆盖、容量和既有业务保护之间形成全球可接受折中？",
      "why": "WRC-27研究不是许可；共享兼容性、设备规模经济和各国既有占用将决定实际价值。",
      "sources": [
        "itu-wrc27-ai17",
        "xgmf-spectrum-2026"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "q10",
      "domain": "频谱",
      "title": "太赫兹应被视为局部接入、回传、感知还是科研能力储备，而非泛在移动覆盖？",
      "why": "ITU只完成技术可行性报告，多国建设试验床；传播损耗、器件与测量体系仍限制部署形态。",
      "sources": [
        "itu-m2541",
        "bharat6g-spectrum-2026"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "q11",
      "domain": "政策",
      "title": "公共6G资金应奖励专利数量、国际标准贡献、开放试验数据，还是可复制行业收益？",
      "why": "不同联盟的资金与治理模式差异明显，错误指标会诱导论文、专利或样板项目堆积。",
      "sources": [
        "6gia-about",
        "miit-6g-pilot-2026",
        "bharat6g-spectrum-2026"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "q12",
      "domain": "政策",
      "title": "供应链安全要求如何避免把全球统一标准推向互不兼容的认证、云栈和可信供应商阵营？",
      "why": "安全韧性是ITU原则，但采购、认证和出口管制在国家层面实施。",
      "sources": [
        "itu-m2160",
        "uk-wireless-strategy"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "q13",
      "domain": "标准",
      "title": "ITU性能要求、3GPP工作项和区域联盟路线之间，哪些主张已进入规范，哪些仍是争夺议程？",
      "why": "愿景白皮书数量远多于已冻结规范，必须建立提案—工作项—规范—测试—部署链。",
      "sources": [
        "itu-imt-family",
        "3gpp-releases",
        "imt2030-results"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "q14",
      "domain": "标准",
      "title": "6G是否需要新核心网，还是应允许5GC长期演进和多代共存？",
      "why": "NGMN明确记录运营商5G SA成熟度分化；强制重构会放大成本和迁移风险。",
      "sources": [
        "ngmn-architecture-2025",
        "3gpp-6g-workshop"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "q15",
      "domain": "国际竞争",
      "title": "中美欧日韩印联盟的竞争力，究竟应按提案数量、关键岗位、试验可重复性、供应链完备度还是商业采用衡量？",
      "why": "单一专利或论文排名会掩盖标准组织权、设备能力、运营商采购和应用市场之间的差异。",
      "sources": [
        "nga-leadership",
        "6gia-about",
        "xgmf-overview",
        "bharat6g-spectrum-2026"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "q16",
      "domain": "国际合作",
      "title": "跨区域联盟MoU能否转化为共同试验方法、共享数据集和一致频谱立场？",
      "why": "合作声明很多，真正高价值证据是联合交付物、共同测试和标准文本。",
      "sources": [
        "xgmf-projects",
        "nga-home-2026",
        "6gia-about"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "q17",
      "domain": "应用",
      "title": "哪些6G应用必须依赖新代际能力，而不能由5G-A、Wi-Fi、光纤或专网更便宜地实现？",
      "why": "避免把所有未来应用归因于6G，必须建立反事实技术替代比较。",
      "sources": [
        "3gpp-tr22870",
        "ngmn-programme-2026"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "q18",
      "domain": "韧性",
      "title": "星、空、地、海多层网络的韧性收益，是否足以抵消控制面复杂性与跨运营主体故障耦合？",
      "why": "多层冗余既能容灾，也可能引入时间同步、身份、路由和供应链的新级联风险。",
      "sources": [
        "6gflagship-whitepapers",
        "itu-m2160"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "research": [
    {
      "id": "star-ground-boundary",
      "title": "星地融合的地理经济边界",
      "status": "原创研究·可复核聚合数据",
      "question": "如何由人口密度门槛走向成本、韧性和主权约束下的混合网络部署？",
      "finding": "全球平均值不能决定局部部署。人口密集区仍可能因灾害韧性需要卫星备份，低密度区也可能因矿业、航运或军事价值支持高成本地面设施。",
      "chart": "density",
      "download": "downloads/star-ground-brief.docx",
      "sources": [
        "itu-m2160",
        "legacy-fcc-12ghz"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "standards-power",
      "title": "从联盟白皮书到国际标准的影响力传导",
      "status": "研究草稿·证据链分析",
      "question": "区域联盟如何把路线偏好转化为ITU要求、3GPP工作项和最终采购优势？",
      "finding": "真正稀缺的不是发布白皮书，而是把主张连续推进到可测试要求、工作项、规范文本、测试平台、芯片实现和运营商采购。",
      "chart": "pipeline",
      "download": "downloads/standards-power.docx",
      "sources": [
        "itu-imt-family",
        "3gpp-releases",
        "nga-leadership",
        "6gia-about"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "6g-investment-gate",
      "title": "6G投资闸门：从性能愿景到可支付需求",
      "status": "研究草稿·运营商经济约束",
      "question": "哪些技术必须在2027年前证明可支付价值，才能进入2030年前的规模化设备周期？",
      "finding": "应以增量收入、总成本下降、频谱效率、能耗、故障恢复和迁移复杂度组成分项闸门，而非综合虚构总分。",
      "chart": "gates",
      "download": "downloads/investment-gates.docx",
      "sources": [
        "ngmn-architecture-2025",
        "3gpp-tr22870",
        "oran-user-centric"
      ]
    }
  ]
}